Journal: Veterinary Surgery

Article Title: Biportal endoscopic foraminotomy of the L7 – S1 neuroforamen in dogs: Description of surgical technique and ex vivo comparison with conventional open dorsolateral foraminotomy

doi: 10.1111/vsu.70096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Periforaminal soft tissue debridement. (A) Macroscopic image of the torpedo shaver (Arthrex) in the dorsal keyhole. (B) Endoscopic image before soft tissue debridement. (C) During debridement. (D) After debridement. (E) Exit zone of the neuroforamen (*) after completed debridement. Left is cranial and up is dorsal. TP, L7 transverse process.

Article Snippet: Two types of arthroscopes were evaluated: 3.0 mm 30° oblique arthroscope, 138 mm long (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida) 1.9 mm 0° NanoNeedle Scope, 125 mm (Arthrex) 3 Arthroscopic working cannulas : Low profile cannulas, 5 mm (Arthrex) PassPort Button cannulas, 6 mm and 8 mm (Arthrex) 4 Synergy resection shaver handpiece (Arthrex), attached to water pump (DualWave arthroscopy pump, Arthrex), and the following shaver attachments/tips: Torpedo shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Dissector shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) SabreTooth shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Oval and round burrs, 3.0 mm (Arthrex) ClearCut burr, round, 4.0 mm (Arthrex) 5 Miscellaneous instruments : Kerrison rongeurs (1–3 mm with standard or reverse tips) Nerve hook retractors (small or large, right‐angled round retractors) Periosteal elevators (Freer dissector, Adson round periosteal elevator) To adhere to minimally invasive surgical principles, intraoperative fluoroscopy (Veradius Neo 718 131 Mobile C‐Arm, Philips, Netherlands) was used at key stages of the procedure.

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Surgery

Article Title: Biportal endoscopic foraminotomy of the L7 – S1 neuroforamen in dogs: Description of surgical technique and ex vivo comparison with conventional open dorsolateral foraminotomy

doi: 10.1111/vsu.70096

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Macroscopic image of the shaver inserted through the keyhole port. (B) ClearCut Round Burr 4 mm (Arthrex) on the caudal aspect of the L7 transverse process base. (C) Burring in a craniodorsal direction. (D) Incomplete foraminotomy showing the L7 nerve root (*). Left is cranial and up is dorsal.

Article Snippet: Two types of arthroscopes were evaluated: 3.0 mm 30° oblique arthroscope, 138 mm long (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida) 1.9 mm 0° NanoNeedle Scope, 125 mm (Arthrex) 3 Arthroscopic working cannulas : Low profile cannulas, 5 mm (Arthrex) PassPort Button cannulas, 6 mm and 8 mm (Arthrex) 4 Synergy resection shaver handpiece (Arthrex), attached to water pump (DualWave arthroscopy pump, Arthrex), and the following shaver attachments/tips: Torpedo shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Dissector shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) SabreTooth shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Oval and round burrs, 3.0 mm (Arthrex) ClearCut burr, round, 4.0 mm (Arthrex) 5 Miscellaneous instruments : Kerrison rongeurs (1–3 mm with standard or reverse tips) Nerve hook retractors (small or large, right‐angled round retractors) Periosteal elevators (Freer dissector, Adson round periosteal elevator) To adhere to minimally invasive surgical principles, intraoperative fluoroscopy (Veradius Neo 718 131 Mobile C‐Arm, Philips, Netherlands) was used at key stages of the procedure.

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Surgery

Article Title: Biportal endoscopic foraminotomy of the L7 – S1 neuroforamen in dogs: Description of surgical technique and ex vivo comparison with conventional open dorsolateral foraminotomy

doi: 10.1111/vsu.70096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intraoperative endoscopic views (BEF‐A) in a dog with L7–S1 foraminal stenosis: (A) L7 transverse process (TP) identified using a 3.5 mm Torpedo Shaver Tip (Arthrex). (B–C) 3.0 mm burr (Arthrex) placement and foraminotomy initiation. (D) Cancellous bone of the L7 pedicle (*). (E–F) L7 nerve root (arrow) and neuroforaminal exit zone. (G) Foraminotomy expansion using a 1 mm Kerrison rongeur. (H) Final view showing decompressed nerve root. Left is cranial and top is dorsal. Images were horizontally flipped for standardization.

Article Snippet: Two types of arthroscopes were evaluated: 3.0 mm 30° oblique arthroscope, 138 mm long (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida) 1.9 mm 0° NanoNeedle Scope, 125 mm (Arthrex) 3 Arthroscopic working cannulas : Low profile cannulas, 5 mm (Arthrex) PassPort Button cannulas, 6 mm and 8 mm (Arthrex) 4 Synergy resection shaver handpiece (Arthrex), attached to water pump (DualWave arthroscopy pump, Arthrex), and the following shaver attachments/tips: Torpedo shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Dissector shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) SabreTooth shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Oval and round burrs, 3.0 mm (Arthrex) ClearCut burr, round, 4.0 mm (Arthrex) 5 Miscellaneous instruments : Kerrison rongeurs (1–3 mm with standard or reverse tips) Nerve hook retractors (small or large, right‐angled round retractors) Periosteal elevators (Freer dissector, Adson round periosteal elevator) To adhere to minimally invasive surgical principles, intraoperative fluoroscopy (Veradius Neo 718 131 Mobile C‐Arm, Philips, Netherlands) was used at key stages of the procedure.

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Surgery

Article Title: Biportal endoscopic foraminotomy of the L7 – S1 neuroforamen in dogs: Description of surgical technique and ex vivo comparison with conventional open dorsolateral foraminotomy

doi: 10.1111/vsu.70096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intraoperative endoscopic views (BEF‐A) in a dog with L7–S1 foraminal stenosis: (A) L7 transverse process (TP) identified using a 3.5 mm Torpedo Shaver Tip (Arthrex). (B–C) 3.0 mm burr (Arthrex) placement and foraminotomy initiation. (D) Cancellous bone of the L7 pedicle (*). (E–F) L7 nerve root (arrow) and neuroforaminal exit zone. (G) Foraminotomy expansion using a 1 mm Kerrison rongeur. (H) Final view showing decompressed nerve root. Left is cranial and top is dorsal. Images were horizontally flipped for standardization.

Article Snippet: Two types of arthroscopes were evaluated: 3.0 mm 30° oblique arthroscope, 138 mm long (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida) 1.9 mm 0° NanoNeedle Scope, 125 mm (Arthrex) 3 Arthroscopic working cannulas : Low profile cannulas, 5 mm (Arthrex) PassPort Button cannulas, 6 mm and 8 mm (Arthrex) 4 Synergy resection shaver handpiece (Arthrex), attached to water pump (DualWave arthroscopy pump, Arthrex), and the following shaver attachments/tips: Torpedo shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Dissector shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) SabreTooth shaver blade, 3.5 mm (Arthrex) Oval and round burrs, 3.0 mm (Arthrex) ClearCut burr, round, 4.0 mm (Arthrex) 5 Miscellaneous instruments : Kerrison rongeurs (1–3 mm with standard or reverse tips) Nerve hook retractors (small or large, right‐angled round retractors) Periosteal elevators (Freer dissector, Adson round periosteal elevator) To adhere to minimally invasive surgical principles, intraoperative fluoroscopy (Veradius Neo 718 131 Mobile C‐Arm, Philips, Netherlands) was used at key stages of the procedure.

Techniques: